Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary · 1913

Surname

Surname , noun

[Prefix sur + name; really a substitution for Old English sournoun, from French surnom. See Sur-, and Noun, Name.]

1.
A name or appellation which is added to, or over and above, the baptismal or Christian name, and becomes a family name.

Surnames originally designated occupation, estate, place of residence, or some particular thing or event that related to the person; thus, Edmund Ironsides; Robert Smith, or the smith; William Turner. Surnames are often also patronymics; as, John Johnson.

2.
An appellation added to the original name; an agnomen.
My surname, Coriolanus. — Shakespeare

This word has been sometimes written sirname, as if it signified sire-name, or the name derived from one's father.

Surname , transitive verb

[Compare French surnommer.]

To name or call by an appellation added to the original name; to give a surname to.
Another shall subscribe with his hand unto the Lord, and surname himself by the name of Israel. — Isa. xliv. 5
And Simon he surnamed Peter. — Mark iii. 16