Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary · 1913

How

How , adverb

[Old English how, hou, hu, hwu, Anglo-Saxon h{not transcribed}, from the same root as hwā, hwat, who, what, pron. interrog.; akin to Old Saxon hwōw, Dutch hoe, compare German wie how, Gothic hwē wherewith, hwaiwa how. r182. See Who, and compare Why.]

1.
In what manner or way; by what means or process.
How can a man be born when he is old? — John iii. 4
2.
To what degree or extent, number or amount; in what proportion; by what measure or quality.
O, how love I thy law! it is my meditation all the day. — Bible (KJV) - Psalm cxix. 97
By how much they would diminish the present extent of the sea, so much they would impair the fertility, and fountains, and rivers of the earth. — Bentley
3.
For what reason; from what cause.
How now, my love! why is your cheek so pale? — Shakespeare
4.
In what state, condition, or plight.
How, and with what reproach, shall I return? — Dryden
5.
By what name, designation, or title.
How art thou called? — Shakespeare
6.
At what price; how dear. [Obsolete]
How a score of ewes now? — Shakespeare
Let me beg you -- don't say “How?” for “What?” — Holmes

How is used in each sense, interrogatively, interjectionally, and relatively; it is also often employed to emphasize an interrogation or exclamation. “How are the mighty fallen!” 2 Sam. i. 27. Sometimes, also, it is used as a noun; -- as, the how, the when, the wherefore. Shelley.