Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary · 1913

Castanets

Castanets , noun, plural

[French castagnettes, Sp. castañetas, from Latin castanea (Sp. castaña) a chestnut. So named from the resemblance to two chestnuts, or because chestnuts were first used for castanets. See Chestnut.]

Two small, concave shells of ivory or hard wood, shaped like spoons, fastened to the thumb, and beaten together with the middle finger; -- used by the Spaniards and Moors as an accompaniment to their dance and guitars.
The dancer, holding a castanet in each hand, rattles them to the motion of his feet. — Moore (Encyc. of Music)

The singular, castanet, is used of one of the pair, or, sometimes, of the pair forming the instrument.